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Marine environments are made up of a great diversity of ecosystems responsible for the different types of landscapes on the coasts.
These ecosystems can be classified by two criteria: light gradation and stratification of water column levels.
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Regarding light gradation, they are divided into:
Euphotic zone: region where the light incidence penetrates the water column, generally around 200 meters deep, according to the tone of the water as a result of the saturation of suspended particles (turbidity). This is the range considered to have the highest concentration of organisms, such as photosynthetic (autotrophic) microorganisms.
Aphotic zone: região que não recebe nenhuma interferência da incidência luminosa. Organismos (heterotróficos) geralmente habitam esta faixa e, dependem da disponibilidade de oxigênio e matéria orgânica absorvida, respectivamente dissolvida e percolada (decantada) da zona eufótica.
Regarding the stratification of water column levels, they are divided into:
Coastal zone: existing limit between the level of tides (high and low).
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Neritic zone: region that reaches approximately 200 meters in depth, generally around 50 to 60 km from the coastline. It is the limit with the highest biomass and aquatic productivity, housing a large number of organisms.
Abbatial zone: Located below the neritic zone, it is located between 200 and 2000 meters deep.
Abyssal zone: it is the deepest, located between 2000 meters deep and the oceanic substrate, being a region completely without light (aphotic), where there are few forms of life.
